心脏听诊是用于检测和识别许多心脏病的最具成本效益的技术之一。基于Auscultation的计算机辅助决策系统可以支持他们的决定中的医生。遗憾的是，在临床试验中的应用仍然很小，因为它们中的大多数仅旨在检测音盲局部信号中的额外或异常波的存在，即，仅提供二进制地面真理变量（普通VS异常）。这主要是由于缺乏大型公共数据集，其中存在对这种异常波（例如，心脏杂音）的更详细描述。为基于听诊的医疗建议系统铺平了更有效的研究，我们的团队准备了目前最大的儿科心声数据集。从1568名患者的四个主要听诊位置收集了5282个录音，在此过程中，手动注释了215780人的心声。此外，并且首次通过专家注释器根据其定时，形状，俯仰，分级和质量来手动注释每个心脏杂音。此外，鉴定了杂音的听诊位置以及杂音更集中检测到杂音的位置位置。对于相对大量的心脏声音的这种详细描述可以为新机器学习算法铺平道路，该算法具有真实世界的应用，用于检测和分析诊断目的的杂波。

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

This paper proposes a question-answering system that can answer questions whose supporting evidence is spread over multiple (potentially long) documents. The system, called Visconde, uses a three-step pipeline to perform the task: decompose, retrieve, and aggregate. The first step decomposes the question into simpler questions using a few-shot large language model (LLM). Then, a state-of-the-art search engine is used to retrieve candidate passages from a large collection for each decomposed question. In the final step, we use the LLM in a few-shot setting to aggregate the contents of the passages into the final answer. The system is evaluated on three datasets: IIRC, Qasper, and StrategyQA. Results suggest that current retrievers are the main bottleneck and that readers are already performing at the human level as long as relevant passages are provided. The system is also shown to be more effective when the model is induced to give explanations before answering a question. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/neuralmind-ai/visconde}.

Bi-encoders and cross-encoders are widely used in many state-of-the-art retrieval pipelines. In this work we study the generalization ability of these two types of architectures on a wide range of parameter count on both in-domain and out-of-domain scenarios. We find that the number of parameters and early query-document interactions of cross-encoders play a significant role in the generalization ability of retrieval models. Our experiments show that increasing model size results in marginal gains on in-domain test sets, but much larger gains in new domains never seen during fine-tuning. Furthermore, we show that cross-encoders largely outperform bi-encoders of similar size in several tasks. In the BEIR benchmark, our largest cross-encoder surpasses a state-of-the-art bi-encoder by more than 4 average points. Finally, we show that using bi-encoders as first-stage retrievers provides no gains in comparison to a simpler retriever such as BM25 on out-of-domain tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/guilhermemr04/scaling-zero-shot-retrieval.git

Current deep learning classifiers, carry out supervised learning and store class discriminatory information in a set of shared network weights. These weights cannot be easily altered to incrementally learn additional classes, since the classification weights all require retraining to prevent old class information from being lost and also require the previous training data to be present. We present a novel two stage architecture which couples visual feature learning with probabilistic models to represent each class in the form of a Gaussian Mixture Model. By using these independent class representations within our classifier, we outperform a benchmark of an equivalent network with a Softmax head, obtaining increased accuracy for sample sizes smaller than 12 and increased weighted F1 score for 3 imbalanced class profiles in that sample range. When learning new classes our classifier exhibits no catastrophic forgetting issues and only requires the new classes' training images to be present. This enables a database of growing classes over time which can be visually indexed and reasoned over.

Accurately predicting interactive road agents' future trajectories and planning a socially compliant and human-like trajectory accordingly are important for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose a planning-centric prediction neural network, which takes surrounding agents' historical states and map context information as input, and outputs the joint multi-modal prediction trajectories for surrounding agents, as well as a sequence of control commands for the ego vehicle by imitation learning. An agent-agent interaction module along the time axis is proposed in our network architecture to better comprehend the relationship among all the other intelligent agents on the road. To incorporate the map's topological information, a Dynamic Graph Convolutional Neural Network (DGCNN) is employed to process the road network topology. Besides, the whole architecture can serve as a backbone for the Differentiable Integrated motion Prediction with Planning (DIPP) method by providing accurate prediction results and initial planning commands. Experiments are conducted on real-world datasets to demonstrate the improvements made by our proposed method in both planning and prediction accuracy compared to the previous state-of-the-art methods.

Robust 2004是一种信息检索基准，其每个查询的大量判断使其成为可靠的评估数据集。在本文中，我们介绍了Mrobust04，这是一种多语言版本的robust04，使用Google Translate翻译为8种语言。我们还提供了该数据集上三个不同多语言检索器的结果。该数据集可在https://huggingface.co/datasets/unicamp-dl/mrobust上获得

传播模型已被证明对各种应用程序有效，例如图像，音频和图形生成。其他重要的应用是图像超分辨率和逆问题的解决方案。最近，一些作品使用了随机微分方程（SDE）将扩散模型推广到连续时间。在这项工作中，我们介绍SDE来生成超分辨率的面部图像。据我们所知，这是SDE首次用于此类应用程序。所提出的方法比基于扩散模型的现有超级分辨率方法提供了改进的峰值信噪比（PSNR），结构相似性指数（SSIM）和一致性。特别是，我们还评估了该方法在面部识别任务中的潜在应用。通用面部特征提取器用于比较超分辨率图像与地面真相，并获得了与其他方法相比，获得了卓越的结果。我们的代码可在https://github.com/marcelowds/sr-sde上公开获取

在多语言甚至单语言中鉴定的模型的零拍跨语言能力刺激了许多假设，以解释这一有趣的经验结果。但是，由于预处理的成本，大多数研究都使用公共模型的公共模型，其预处理方法（例如代币化，语料库规模和计算预算的选择）可能会大不相同。当研究人员对自己的模型预识时，他们通常会在预算有限的情况下这样做，并且与SOTA模型相比，最终的模型的表现可能明显不足。这些实验差异导致有关这些模型跨语性能力的性质的各种不一致的结论。为了帮助对该主题进行进一步研究，我们发布了10个单语字节级模型，并在相同的配置下进行了严格审慎的概述，并具有大型计算预算（相当于V100的420天）和Corpora，比原始BERT大4倍。由于它们不含令牌，因此消除了看不见的令牌嵌入的问题，从而使研究人员可以在具有不同脚本的语言中尝试更广泛的跨语言实验。此外，我们释放了在不自然语言文本上预测的两个模型，这些模型可用于理智检查实验。关于质量检查和NLI任务的实验表明，我们的单语模型实现了多语言的竞争性能，因此可以加强我们对语言模型中跨语性可传递性的理解。

完全自主移动机器人的现实部署取决于能够处理动态环境的强大的大满贯（同时本地化和映射）系统，其中对象在机器人的前面移动以及不断变化的环境，在此之后移动或更换对象。机器人已经绘制了现场。本文介绍了更换式SLAM，这是一种在动态和不断变化的环境中强大的视觉猛烈抨击的方法。这是通过使用与长期数据关联算法结合的贝叶斯过滤器来实现的。此外，它采用了一种有效的算法，用于基于对象检测的动态关键点过滤，该对象检测正确识别了不动态的边界框中的特征，从而阻止了可能导致轨道丢失的功能的耗竭。此外，开发了一个新的数据集，其中包含RGB-D数据，专门针对评估对象级别的变化环境，称为PUC-USP数据集。使用移动机器人，RGB-D摄像头和运动捕获系统创建了六个序列。这些序列旨在捕获可能导致跟踪故障或地图损坏的不同情况。据我们所知，更换 - 峰是第一个对动态和不断变化的环境既有坚固耐用的视觉大满贯系统，又不假设给定的相机姿势或已知地图，也能够实时运行。使用基准数据集对所提出的方法进行了评估，并将其与其他最先进的方法进行了比较，证明是高度准确的。